Bondholder representation

Long-term debt securities or bonds issued to public investors often experience a collective-action problem. Bondholders cannot operate as a unified group when individual bondholder investments are fairly small reducing the monetary incentive to initiate or cooperate. Also what is worse is that the identity of bondholders persistently varies as public bonds are frequently traded.

Even though the accession in institutional bondholding in terms of the emergence of large activist, hedge and private-equity funds and the mobility of these funds into bond investing has aided to tone down the collective-action problem. However these funds time and again have conflicts of interest with other bondholders. Moreover, the recent downfall of many of these major funds clearly conveys that the collective-action problem could only upsurge in the time to come (Schwarcz and Sergi, 2007).

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Copyright Protection Patents

“Petersen J, giving judgement in 1916, determined that copyright was concerned with protecting the ‘expression of thought’ and not the ‘originality of ideas’. Copyright does not require that an expression must be original – just that it is not copied from another work. This has led to a particular problem with television programme formats in United Kingdom law where there seems to be no protection in law of the basic idea in a format despite the fact that there is a growing business licensing these very format ‘rights’, however unique and original.”

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Law of evidence

Bill Cates 38 years old is charged with burglary of Daniel Edwards premises wherein he stole a valuable statuette. Bill has previous conviction for theft. Some of these convictions are for the theft of valuable works of art from private dwellings

Pc Foley arrests Bill in a wine bar in Kensington at 11 pm. He is cautioned and replies,"My solicitor has always told me to remain silent, so that is what i shall do." He remains silent. Later at the police station bill is informed of his right to a solicitor. He is also told that he will not be further interviewed until the morning, and will probably therefore not need to speak to him until then. John say she will contact his solicitor in the morning. He gets no sleep that night, because there is a drunken man in the cell next door who sings all night. 

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